The sixteenth note is one-sixteenth the value of a whole note, one-quarter the value of a quarter note and one-half the value of an eighth note. The eighth rest is pictured next to the eighth note. In 4/4 time, it is equal to half of one beat. The eighth note is – you guessed it – one-eighth the value of a whole note or one-half the value of a quarter note. The quarter rest is pictured next to the quarter note. The quarter note is one-quarter the value of a whole note or one-half the value of a half note. The half rest, pictured here following the half note, indicates silence for the same duration as the half note. Thus, in 4/4 time, the half note is equal to two beats. The half note is named as such because it is equal in length to half a whole note. This symbol indicates that there should be silence for the same duration as a whole note. Most other note durations are fractions of the whole note. The whole note is equal to four beats in 4/4 time (see time signature below). For example, if you have three sharps in the key signature, they will always be F-sharp, C-sharp, and G-sharp. Different keys are defined by the number of sharps (or flats) in the key signature, also proceeding from left to right. Sharps in the key signature raise the pitch of notes on the corresponding line or space by a semitone. For example, if there are three flats in a key signature they will always be B-flat, E-flat and A-flat. Different keys are defined by the number of flats (or sharps) in the key signature, starting with the leftmost and moving to the right. placing a flat or sharp before a note in the music every time it occurs).įlats in the key signature lower the pitch of notes on the corresponding line or space by a semitone. This helps reduce the need for accidentals (i.e. In this example, you see a B-flat followed by a B-natural or simply B.Ī key signature defines the key of the music and thus what flats or sharps are supposed to be played throughout the piece. It cancels out any prevailing accidental (sharp or flat sign). The symbol pictured here after the flat sign is called a natural sign. This symbol before the note indicates that the note is to be played lower in pitch by a semitone or half-step.
This symbol that looks like a pound sign or hashtag placed before a note indicates that the note is to be played higher in pitch by a semitone, or half-step. Keep in mind, the numbers in this chart do not appear in regular sheet music. If you think about it, the prefix ‘oct’ means 8 and the letter names start over every 8 notes. For example, C4 (middle C) sounds higher than C3, but lower than C5. The higher the number, the higher the note sounds. This number indicates the octave each note is in. In the image to the left, you’ll see a number next to each note.
Obviously, there are more than seven tones in the musical language. Musical pitches are named after the first seven letters of the alphabet: A, B, C, D, E, F, G. Position of Notes on Treble and Bass Clef Staves The tenor clef is used by instruments like the cello, bassoon and trombone when they are playing in their upper ranges. This moves the location of middle C up one line from its position in alto clef. When the C-clef is placed on the fourth line of the staff, it is called the tenor clef. The alto clef is used most commonly by the viola. When the C-clef is placed on the third line of the staff, it is called the alto clef. Notes in the bass clef are most often played with a pianist’s left hand. The bass clef is most often used by instruments like the cello, double bass, bassoon, trombone and tuba. The fourth line of the staff passes between the two dots, indicating the F below middle C, or F3. Pianists most often use their right hands to play notes on the treble clef.
The treble clef is most often used by instruments like the violin, flute, clarinet, saxophone, trumpet and French horn. The note that sits on the second line of the staff in treble clef is the G above middle C, or G4. The treble clef is also known as the G-clef because the second line of the staff passes through the curl of the clef. (The plural for staff is staves.)Ī clef is a type of symbol that indicates the musical pitch of written notes. The clef determines which musical pitch corresponds to a particular line or space.
The five lines and four spaces correspond to musical pitches. The staff is the foundation of music notation.
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